Human Lungs

The human lungs are the organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, with the left being divided into two lobes and the right into three lobes. Together, the lungs contain approximately the same length as 1500 miles (2,400 km) of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli, having a total surface area of about 70 m2 in adults — roughly the same area as one side of a tennis court.

Function: Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere.

How it work: In order to completely explain the anatomy of the lungs, it is necessary to discuss the passage of air through the mouth to the alveoli. Once air progresses through the mouth or nose, it travels through the oropharynx, nasopharynx, the larynx, the trachea, and a progressively subdividing system of bronchi and bronchioles until it finally reaches the alveoli where the gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place.

Circulatory System

The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
The human circulatory system is responsible for delivering food, oxygen, and other needed substances to all cells in all parts of the body while taking away waste products

Circulatory system is divided into two types. They are systemic circulation and Coronary circulation.These are the explanation ;

A. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Systemic circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

B. CORONARY CIRCULATION
Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle.

There is also the most important organ for circulatory system. That is heart. Heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions.The vertebrate heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only within this organ.

Respiratory Tract Infectiton

Respiratory tract infection can refers to:
-Lower respiratory tract infection; and
-Upper respiratory tract infection

*Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

While often used as a synonym for pneumonia, the rubric of lower respiratory tract infection can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess, acute bronchitis, and emphysema. Symptoms include shortness of breath, weakness, high fever, coughing and fatigue.

Lower respiratory tract infections place a considerable strain on the health budget and are generally more serious than upper respiratory infections.

There are a number of acute and chronic infections that can affect the lower respiratory tract. The two most common infections are bronchitis and pneumonia.

*(Acute)Bronchitis
Bronchitis can be classified as either acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis can be defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease.

*(Chronic)Bronchitis
Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB) are frequently due to non-infective causes along with viral ones.Antibiotics have only been shown to be effective if all three of the following symptoms are present:- increased dyspnoea, increased sputum volume and purulence.

*Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a serious infection of the small bronchioles and alveoli that can involve the pleura. It occurs in a variety of situations and treatment must vary according to the situation. It is classified as either community or hospital acquired depending on where the patient contracted the infection. It is very life-threatening in the elderly or people with illnesses that affect the immune system. The most common treatment is antibiotics and these vary in their adverse effects and their effectiveness. Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children less than five years of age. For optimal management of a pneumonia patient the following must be assessed;- pneumonia severity (including where to treat eg. Home, hospital or intensive care), identification of causative organism, analgesia of chest pain, the need for supplemental oxygen, physiotherapy, Hydration, bronchodilators and possible complications of emphysema or lung abscess.

*Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Upper respiratory tract infections, (URI or URTI), are the illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx.

Acute upper respiratory tract infections include rhino-sinusitis (Common cold), sinusitosis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, ear infection, laryngitis and sometimes bronchitis. Symptoms of URI's commonly include cough, sore throat, runny nose, blocked nose, phlegm, headache, fever, facial pressure, extreme sensitivity to cold and warm weather and sneezing. Onset of the symptoms usually begins after 1-3 days after exposure to a microbial pathogen, most commonly a virus. The duration of the symptoms is typically 7 to 10 days but may persist longer.

Influenza (the flu) is a more systemic illness which can also involve the upper respiratory tract.

A respiratory infection can also cause massive weight loss in certain individuals.

Respiratory Disease

Respiratory disease is the term for diseases of the respiratory system. Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting such as the common cold to life-threatening such as bacterial pneumonia or pulmonary embolism. They are a common and important cause of illness and death. The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology. A doctor who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a respiratory medicine specialist, a respirologist or a thoracic medicine specialist.

This is the examples of respiratory disease(s):



The symptoms of respiratory disease differ depending on the disease. Common symptoms are:

* Shortness of breath. In severe cases, shortness of breath can occur while resting.
* Cough with or without the production of sputum.
* Coughing blood (haemoptysis).It is very painful.
* Chest pain. This may or may not be pleuritic chest pain (that is pain that worsens with the movements of breathing).
* Noisy breathing, either wheeze or stridor.
* Loss of appetite.
* Weight loss.
* Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the lips, tongue or fingers.

Health for Your Heart

All of you know that our heart is a part of human circulatory system. Human circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart is the key organ in the circulatory system. All of those functions of heart may be damaged if we do not keep our heart healthiness.

There might be some diseases that can attack our heart. Blood supply to the heart muscles can be greatly reduced if the coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed. It can cause some diseases that are angina disease and heart attack disease. They are called as coronary heart disease. Angina pectoris literally means chest pain. This causes lactic acid, a product of cells, to build up and cause chest pain. This pain is similar to the pain you get when you overwork your muscles, which is also caused by the build-up of lactic acid. Consequently, any physical activity, even walking in severe cases causes chest pain. Now we talk about the heart attack disease that might be happen if blood flow to a particular part of the heart may be blocked. The part of the heart doesn’t receive any nutrients. Extensive heart muscle damaged. The heart is no longer able to pump blood. Those features mainly cause by fatty substances and polysaturated fats in our body that usually over limited.

Beside food factor, coronary heart disease includes some factors too, for examples are diet rich, emotional stress, and smoking. We all are knows that “better to prevent, than to cure”. So, to prevent these kinds of diseases, we have to do proper diet, eat healthy foods, low cholesterol foods, no junk food and fast food or try to reduce junk foods and fast food. Beside it may damage your heart, it can also make your body experience obesity. Second is proper stress management. If we are stress, not in the good mood, or other emotional stress, we have to control our emotions. Third is avoid smoking, because some of you already know that cigarette have addictive substance and other substances that is totally not good for your health. Last is very important also regular physical exercise. We have to do exercise daily to keep our body healthy. Some exercise also have refreshing effect and can burn our calories and fat pass through our perspiration from exercise movement. So, now you all know why we have to keep our body fit and health. Good luck everybody. Keep healthy.

How Can a Heart Attack Be Prevented?

Lowering your risk factors for coronary artery diseases can help you prevent a heart attack. Even if you already have CAD, you can still take steps to lower your risk of heart attack.

This is how you can reduce the risk of heart attack:

• Eat less junkfood.
• Exercise .
• Eat fruits and vegetables.
  
• No smoking.
• No alcohol.
• Be happy.

With this healthy life style I that sure you can go away from this diseases.

by indra

Circulatory Diseases

Circulatory problems are the most deadly diseases that spread around the world. But, from all the diseases caused in circulatory system, there is one most killing diseases, that is heart attack.

What is heart attack?


Heart attack is a circulatory problems that caused when blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked. If the flow of blood isn’t restored quickly, the section of heart muscle becomes damaged from lack of oxygen and begins to die.

Heart attack can occurs because of stress, smoking, and too much eating junkfood. It may happen in any age and any gender. If you think that you are slim, there is still probability that you will attacked by this diseases.





by indra